Oslo CTM3 Black Carbon / Organic Carbon (BCOC)
The black and organic carbon application (Berntsen et al., 2006) is a stand-alone part of the model which needs the 8 tracers listed below. The tracers must be be transported (T=Y) nd 4 of them are washed out (WD=Y).
| Nr | Component | T | WD | Remarks |
| 240 | BCBBPHOB | Y | N | Insoluble black carbon biomass burning |
| 241 | BCBBPHIL | Y | Y | Soluble black carbon biomass burning |
| 242 | OCBBPHOB | Y | N | Insoluble organic carbon biomass burning |
| 243 | OCBBPHIL | Y | Y | Soluble organic carbon biomass burning |
| 244 | BCFFPHOB | Y | N | Insoluble black carbon fossil fuel |
| 245 | BCFFPHIL | Y | Y | Soluble black carbon fossil fuel |
| 246 | OCFFPHOB | Y | N | Insoluble organic carbon fossil fuel |
| 247 | OCFFPHIL | Y | Y | Soluble organic carbon fossil fuel |
The insoluble species are transformed to soluble species after a given aging time, to simulate the chemical chemical conversions taking place. After the given aging time, the insoluble particles appear in the soluble modes, and are washed out. Aging times depend on season and latitude (Skeie et al., 2011; Lund and Berntsen, 2011)
Emissions
All species are emitted in the atmosphere, comprising surface
emissions from fossil and bio fuel (Bond et al., 2007 or Lamarque et
al, 2010), and also vertically distributed
biomass burning emissions taken from the Global Fire Emissions Database.
Deposition
All BCOC tracers are dry deposited at the surface. The dry deposition
velocities are simple; single sea or land values for each
component. But they are modified due to stability.
The hydrophilic aerosols (4 tracers listed above) are also washed out by rain, and are assumed to be solved completely.
Berntsen, Terje; Jan Fuglestvedt, Gunnar Myhre, Frode Stordal and Tore F. Berglen: Abatement of Greenhouse Gases: Does Location Matter?, Climatic Change, Vol. 74, Nr. 4, doi:10.1007/s10584-006-0433-4, 2006.
Bond, T. C.; E. Bhardwaj, R. Dong, R. Jogani, S. Jung, C. Roden, D. G. Streets, S. Fernandes and N. Trautmann: Historical emissions of black and organic carbon aerosol from energy-related combustion, 1850-2000, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol. 12, GB2018, doi:10.1029/2006GB002840, 2007.
Lamarque, J.-F.; T. C. Bond, V. Eyring, C. Granier, A. Heil, Z. Klimont, D. Lee, C. Liousse, A. Mieville, B. Owen, M. G. Schultz, D. Shindell, S. J. Smith, E. Stehfest, J. Van Aardenne, O. R. Cooper, M. Kainuma, N. Mahowald, J. R. McConnell, V. Naik, K. Riahi, and D. P. van Vuuren: Historical (1850-2000) gridded anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions of reactive gases and aerosols: methodology and application, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 10, 7017-7039, doi:10.5194/acp-10-7017-2010, 2010.
Lund, M. T. and T. Berntsen: Parameterization of black carbon aging in the OsloCTM2 and implications for regional transport to the Arctic, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss., 11, 32499-32534, doi:10.5194/acpd-11-32499-2011, 2011.
Skeie, R. B.; T. Berntsen, G. Myhre, C. A. Pedersen, J. Ström, S. Gerland, and J. A. Ogren: Black carbon in the atmosphere and snow, from pre-industrial times until present, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 11, 6809-6836, doi:10.5194/acp-11-6809-2011, 2011.