The coupling of mechanics and chemistry is important in a wide range of natural and technological processes. One class of this coupling is the deformation of solids by stress-driven chemical prosesses at the grain interfaces (as opposed to intacrystalline plasticity). The chemical processes include dissolution, diffusion and precipitation/growth. In materials science the simplest process is called Coble creep, but in alloy forming the stresses contribute to the size, shape and distribution of recrystallizing precipitates. In the Earths's intermediate and deep crust this process is active during tectonic deformation and metamorphosis. In the shallow crust this process is known as pressure solution, the prosess responsible for the compaction (porosity reduction and lithification) of sedimentary basins. This is important both for petroleum reservoir engineering (oil and gas resides in the remaining porosity) and for geodynamic modelling. The supersaturation of chemical elements in fluids inside porous materials may lead to the inverse process, the force of crystallization. This mechanical stress generated by crystal growth drives fracturing of building materials (a serious problem in the Nidaros Cathedral in Trondheim) and rock at the Earth's surface (weathering). During weathering and other recrystallization processes involving a fluid phase the production of porosity and fluid transport to the reaction front is of key importance~\cite{Raufaste2011a}.

I enclose the following document: \begin{itemize} \item {\rm Raufaste, C., Jamtveit, B., John, T., Meakin, P. and Dysthe, D. K.} \newblock {\em The mechanism of porosity formation during solvent-mediated phase transformations\/}. \newblock Proceedings of the Royal Society a-Mathematical Physical and Engineering Sciences, {\bf 467} 2129 (2011). \end{itemize}

\subsection{Pressure solution} Arriving in Oslo in 1998 I was asked to study ``pressure solution'' -- a stress driven process of dissolution driven by surface normal stress, diffusion and precipitation leading to for instance compaction of sediments to sedimentary rocks -- using capacitance dilatometry. What seemed like a straight forward project turned out to be the start of questioning many of the fundamental ``truths''. I was never able to obtain a steady state creep rate as expected and had to develop the dilatometry technique (and construct new instruments)~\cite{Dysthe2003a,Renard2001a}, use white light interferometry~\cite{Dysthe2002a,Zubtsov2005a,Croize2010a} and find a way to employ X-ray reflectivity~\cite{Dysthe2006b} (at Daresbury) to document a completely new interface process. In order to evaluate the transport in the interface I developed an MD code for a water-like fluid between mineral surfaces~\cite{Dysthe2002b} and started collaborations to develop MD methods powerful enough to compare with experiments. Continuum mechanics simulations were also employed to study the global scale implications of the prevailing models~\cite{Gundersen2002a,Gundersen2002b} while work on the nano-scale explored the fundamentals of the primitive processes. Our in depth study of this topic has been recognised and we have written an encyclopedia entry~\cite{Renard2003a} and two review papers~\cite{Dysthe2006a,Gratier2011a}. The pressure solution process depends on processes in confined fluids~\cite{Dysthe2006a} where also healing of fractures was shown to be important~\cite{Renard2002b,Zubtsov2004a,Renard2009a}. I enclose the following documents: \begin{itemize} \item {\rm Dysthe, D.~K., Podladchikov, Y., Renard, F., Feder, J., {\rm and} Jamtveit, B.} \newblock {\em Universal scaling of transient creep\/}. \newblock Phys Rev Lett, {\bf 89} (24)6102 (2002). \item {\rm Dysthe, D.~K., Renard, F., Porcheron, F., {\rm and} Rousseau, B.} \newblock {\em Fluids in mineral interfaces -- molecular simulations of structure and diffusion\/}. \newblock Geophys. Res. Lett., {\bf 29} 7, 13 (2002). \end{itemize}

\subsection{Force of crystallization} The inverse process to pressure solution is the force of crystallization. Here a supersaturated liquid drives the growth of crystals that excert a surface normal mechanical stress on the surrounding material. We have recently shown that the prevailing kinetic theory of the force of crystallization is incorrect~\cite{Royne2011c} and we have coupled the time dependent processes of force of crystallization and subcritical crack growth to produce a phase diagram of this coupled deformation process~\cite{Royne2011c}. We have also initiated studies of coupled crystallization and transport in porous media and the variation of damage potential of different combinations of salts~\cite{Angeli2011a}.

\subsection{Surface paralell stress - ATG instability and Gibbs' thermodynamics} High resolution imaging (optical and by AFM) and image analysis has been an important tool in studying surface dynamics~\cite{Koehn2004a,Bisschop2006a,Bisschop2006b,Jettestuen2009a} of reactive surfaces subject to surface parallell stress. We have shown that the modeling of the Asaro-Tiller-Grinfeld instability is flawed because of erroneous assumption of coherent growth~\cite{Dysthe2011a}. Our experimental results have brought us into the heart of debates dating back to Gibbs on how to couple elasticity with the chemical potential and kinetic effects in phase transformations. In my opinion the only way to resolve this is to perform careful experiments that are compared to different theoretical predictions. This view was supported by Michael Grinfeld (whos theoretical prediction in this field 20 years ago stirred an enormous interest). Commenting his own seminal publication (personal communication 2006): {\em Unfortunately, that publication triggered hundreds of various misleading myths} and our latest experiments~~\cite{Bisschop2006a}: {\em Unfortunately, the nicely looking self-consistent theory generated a lot of bias among theorists and experimenters. It is very hard to fix those vicious developments. But your publications and research work is a step in the right direction. I wish you all possible success in your efforts which are very important for healthy progress in the Earth and materials sciences, various branches of physics and mechanics, thermodynamics of solids and Gibbs thermodynamics, in particular.} Based on our insight of the stress free skin we are formulating the coupled deformation and chemical reaction in a continuum simulation that uses non-equilibrium thermodynamics with a Cahn-Hillard equation type phase separation with the energy function that includes strain energy~\cite{Dysthe2011b}.

I enclose the following document: \begin{itemize} \item {\rm Bisschop, J., Dysthe, DK.,} \newblock {\em Instabilities and coarsening of stressed crystal surfaces in aqueous solution \/}. \newblock Phys Rev Lett, {\bf 96}, 146103 (2006) \end{itemize}